| Group | Parent Company | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Provisions for restructuring | Warranty commitments | Claims | Other | Total | Provisions for restructuring | Warranty commitments | Other | Total | |
| Opening balance, January 1, 2013 | 2,041 | 1,359 | 1,119 | 2,178 | 6,697 | 258 | 223 | 38 | 519 |
| Provisions made | 1,504 | 739 | 762 | 739 | 3,531 | 939 | 120 | 10 | 1,069 |
| Provisions used | –626 | –796 | –472 | –688 | –2,369 | –167 | — | –4 | –171 |
| Unused amounts reversed | –10 | –13 | — | –88 | –111 | — | — | –1 | –1 |
| Exchange-rate differences | –25 | –41 | –6 | –120 | –192 | — | — | — | — |
| Closing balance, December 31, 2013 | 2,884 | 1,248 | 1,403 | 2,021 | 7,556 | 1,030 | 343 | 43 | 1,416 |
| Of which current provisions | 1,555 | 736 | 248 | 495 | 3,034 | 1,011 | 39 | 2 | 1,052 |
| Of which non-current provisions | 1,329 | 512 | 1,155 | 1,526 | 4,522 | 19 | 304 | 41 | 364 |
| Opening balance, January 1, 2014 | 2,884 | 1,248 | 1,403 | 2,021 | 7,556 | 1,030 | 343 | 43 | 1,416 |
| Provisions made | 1,107 | 1,151 | 551 | 1,451 | 4,260 | 266 | 231 | 24 | 521 |
| Provisions used | –1,162 | –892 | –685 | –1,029 | –3,768 | –536 | –168 | –2 | –706 |
| Unused amounts reversed | –138 | –23 | — | –79 | –240 | –35 | — | –1 | –36 |
| Exchange-rate differences | 157 | 117 | 182 | 184 | 640 | — | — | — | — |
| Closing balance, December 31, 2014 | 2,848 | 1,601 | 1,451 | 2,548 | 8,448 | 725 | 406 | 64 | 1,195 |
| Of which current provisions | 1,045 | 858 | 287 | 593 | 2,783 | 619 | 77 | 1 | 697 |
| Of which non-current provisions | 1,803 | 743 | 1,164 | 1,955 | 5,665 | 106 | 329 | 63 | 498 |
Provisions are recognized when the Group has a present obligation as a result of a past event, and it is probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation, and a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation. The amount recognized as a provision is the best estimate of the expenditure required to settle the present obligation at the balance-sheet date. Where the effect of time value of money is material, the amount recognized is the present value of the estimated expenditures.
Provisions for warranty are recognized at the date of sale of the products covered by the warranty and are calculated based on historical data for similar products. Provisions for warranty commitments are recognized as a consequence of the Group’s policy to cover the cost of repair of defective products. Warranty is normally granted for one to two years after the sale.
Restructuring provisions are recognized when the Group has both adopted a detailed formal plan for the restructuring and has, either started the plan implementation, or communicated its main features to those affected by the restructuring. Provisions for restructuring represent the expected costs to be incurred as a consequence of the Group’s decision to close some factories, rationalize production and reduce personnel, both for newly acquired and previously owned companies. The amounts are based on management’s best estimates and are adjusted when changes to these estimates are known. The larger part of the restructuring provisions as per December 31, 2014, will be consumed in 2015 and 2016.
Provisions for claims refer to the Group’s captive insurance companies. Other provisions include mainly provisions for direct and indirect tax, environmental liabilities, asbestos claims or other liabilities, none of which is material to the Group. The timing of any resulting outflows for provisions for claims and other provisions is uncertain.